Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopédie (1751-1765) includes 165 articles that evoke Luther and Lutheranism either centrally or in a more marginal way. The disparate and polyphonic whole is polarized by two opposing points of view on the Reformer and his activity: the polemical thrust of Catholic orthodoxy, which is surprisingly present; and the critical albeit tolerant distance of Enlightenment philosophical analysis.