Directly inherited from the Zwinglian Reformation, but also from the evolution of minds in the eighteenth century and the sometimes conflicting establishment of new political regimes in the nineteenth century, the ecclesiastical situation in the canton of Vaud is largely linked to the evolution of the institutional relations of the church, qualified as “national” from 1831, with the state, but also to the appearance of various movements of Revival. A major figure in this situation, Alexandre Vinet advocated both the principle of the separation of church and state, which became a reality with the formation in 1847 of a free church, but which remained a very small minority, and that of a “multitudinism,” which very quickly imposed itself on the church, which remained “national” and was finally endowed with a synodal system in 1863. At the end of the century, the two churches came to a situation of peaceful coexistence, or even collaboration, with their theologians and pastors meeting in the Société vaudoise de théologie from 1875.