During the First World War, French Reformed Protestants treated the figure of Luther differently than both his German acolytes and French Catholic detractors did. They worked to restore a positive image of Luther by highlighting his contribution to the religious sphere, while dissociating him from imperial Germany and its Pan-Germanism. The 1917 Luther jubilee gave French Protestants the opportunity to recall the preeminent role played by Luther in the dawn of the Reformation, and to offer a more nuanced account of his view on the relationship between the church and the state, the Christian and Society.